Course Content
Topic 1: Introduction to Python
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Lesson 1.1: What is Python and Why Learn It?
Lesson 1.2: Writing Your First Python Program
Module 2: Variables and Data Types
🎯 Module Objective: To help learners understand how to store, manage, and work with different types of data in Python using variables, and how to recognize and convert between data types.
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Lesson 2.1: Variables and Assignment
Lesson 2.2: Data Types in Python
Lesson 2.3: Type Conversion and Input
Topic 3: Control Flow
🎯 Module Objective This module introduces learners to Python operators used in calculations, comparisons, and logic. Learners will understand how expressions are evaluated and how to build logical conditions using operators.
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Lesson 3.1: Arithmetic Operators
Lesson 3.2: Comparison and Logical Operators
Module 4: Control Flow
🎯 Module Objective: This module introduces the concept of decision-making and repetition in Python programs using: if-else statements for loops while loops break, continue and basic loop control
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Lesson 4.1: If-Else Statements
🔁 Lesson 4.2: Loops (For and While)
🔂 Lesson 4.3: Break and Continue in Loops
Module 5: Functions
🎯 Module Objective: This module helps learners understand how to organize code using functions. They’ll learn how to: Create and call functions Use parameters and return values Understand the concept of scope Get introduced to recursion
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🔧 Lesson 5.1: Defining and Calling Functions
🔁 Lesson 5.2: Scope and Recursion
Module 6: Lists and Tuples
🎯 Module Objective: This module introduces learners to two important data collection types in Python — lists and tuples. Learners will: Create, access, and modify lists Use list methods like append(), remove(), sort() Understand the difference between mutable (lists) and immutable (tuples)
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🧺 Lesson 6.1: Introduction to Lists
🔒 Lesson 6.2: Tuples and Immutability
Module 7: Dictionaries and Sets
🎯 Module Objective: This module introduces two powerful Python data types: Dictionaries: for storing key–value pairs Sets: for storing unordered, unique items Learners will: Understand the syntax and usage of dictionaries and sets Perform operations like adding, removing, updating Use dictionary methods (get(), update(), keys(), values())
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🗂️ Lesson 7.1: Python Dictionaries
🔣 Lesson 7.2: Python Sets
Module 8: File Handling
🎯 Module Objective: This module introduces learners to the basics of file handling — reading from and writing to text files using Python. Learners will: Open and read from a file Write to and append content in a file Use the with statement for safe file handling
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📂 Lesson 8.1: Reading and Writing Files
🛠️ Module 9: Error Handling in Python
🎯 Module Objective: This module introduces learners to error handling in Python — a critical skill for writing stable and reliable programs. Learners will: Understand what exceptions are Learn how to use try, except, else, and finally Handle common Python errors (e.g., ZeroDivisionError, ValueError, FileNotFoundError) Write code that doesn’t crash when unexpected issues occur
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🛑 Lesson 9.1: Try-Except Block
Module 10: Final Project
🎯 Module Objective: To help learners consolidate and apply all the skills they’ve gained throughout the course by building a small, real-world project. Upon successful completion, learners can earn a course completion certificate via Tutor LMS.
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🗂️ Lesson 10.1: Option 1: Student Report Card Generator
📅 Lesson 10.2: Option 2: To-Do List Manager (with File Storage)
🧮 Lesson 10.3: Option 3: Simple Calculator App
Lesson 10.4: Course Recap
Python for Absolute Beginners: From Zero to Hero
About Lesson

🎯 Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:

  • Understand local and global variable scope

  • Recognize where variables can be accessed or modified

  • Understand the basics of recursive functions

  • Create a simple recursive function with a base condition

📚 Lesson Content

🔹 Part 1: Variable Scope in Python

🔸 What is Scope?

Scope refers to the region of a program where a variable can be accessed.

There are two main types:

  • Local Scope: Inside a function

  • Global Scope: Outside all functions

🔸 Local Variable

Defined inside a function, only usable within that function.

python
def greet():
message = "Hello!"
print(message)

greet()
# print(message) ❌ Error: message is not defined

🔸 Global Variable

Defined outside any function, accessible throughout the program.

python
message = "Hi there!"

def greet():
print(message)

greet() # ✅ Works fine

🔸 Modifying Global Variables Inside Functions

Use the global keyword if you want to change a global variable inside a function:

python
x = 10

def update():
global x
x = 20

update()
print(x) # 20

⚠️ Avoid using global frequently — it’s better to return values.

🔁 Part 2: Recursion (Intro)

🔸 What is Recursion?

A function that calls itself is called recursive.

Recursion helps solve problems by breaking them down into smaller parts.

🔸 Recursive Function Structure

python
def recurse():
if base_condition:
return
else:
recurse()

Base condition is important to prevent infinite loops.

✅ Example: Countdown

python
def countdown(n):
if n == 0:
print("Done!")
else:
print(n)
countdown(n - 1)

countdown(5)

Output:

 
5
4
3
2
1
Done!

🔸 Example: Factorial Using Recursion

python
def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n - 1)

print(factorial(5)) # Output: 120

⚠️ Recursion Tips

Rule Why It’s Important
Always include a base case To stop recursion (avoid infinite loop)
Use for problems that reduce e.g., factorial, Fibonacci, trees
Keep input values decreasing To reach the base condition

📝 Assignment

  1. Create a function say_hello(n) that prints "Hello" n times using recursion.

  2. Create a function sum_to_n(n) that returns the sum of numbers from 1 to n using recursion.

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